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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Pacific herring ： ウィキペディア英語版 Pacific herring The Pacific herring, ''Clupea pallasii'', is a species of the herring family associated with the Pacific Ocean environment of North America and northeast Asia. It is a silvery fish with unspined fins and a deeply forked caudal fin. The distribution is widely along the California coast from Baja California north to Alaska and the Bering Sea; in Asia the distribution is south to Japan. ''Clupea pallasii'' is considered a keystone species because of its very high productivity and interactions with a large number of predators and prey. Pacific herring spawn in variable seasons, but often in the early part of the year in intertidal and sub-tidal environments, commonly on eelgrass, seaweed〔(Herring Spawn on Kelp Photo )〕 or other submerged vegetation; however, they do not die after spawning, but can breed in successive years. According to government sources, the Pacific herring fishery collapsed in the year 1993, and is slowly recovering to commercial viability in several North American stock areas.〔(Alaska Fisheries 1998 study )〕 The species is named for Peter Simon Pallas, a noted German naturalist and explorer. There are disjunct populations of ''Clupea pallasii'' in North-East Europe, which are often attributed to separate subspecies ''Clupea pallasii marisalbi'' (White Sea herring) and ''Clupea pallasii suworowi'' (Chosha herring). ==Morphology== Pacific herring have a bluish-green back and silver-white sides and bellies; they are otherwise unmarked. The silvery color derives from guanine crystals embedded in their laterals, leading to an effective camouflage phenomenon.〔Hourston, A.S. and C.W. Haegele, ''Herring on Canada's Pacific Coast'', Canadian Special Publications of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Ottawa (1980)〕 There is a single dorsal fin located mid-body and a deeply forked tail-fin. Their bodies are compressed laterally, and ventral scales protrude in a somewhat serrated fashion. Unlike other genus members, they have no scales on heads or gills;〔Roger A. Barnhart, ''Species Profile: Life Histories and Environmental Requirements of Coastal Fishes and Invertebrates (Pacific Southwest): Pacific Herring'', U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, February, 1988〕 moreover, their scales are large and easy to extract. This species of fish may attain a length of 45 centimeters in exceptional cases and weigh up to 550 grams, but a typical adult size is closer to 33 centimeters. The fish interior is quite bony with oily flesh. This species has no teeth on the jawline, but some are exhibited on the vomer. Pacific herring have an unusual retinal design that allows filter feeding in extremely dim lighting environments. This species is capable of rapid vertical motion, due to the existence of a complex nerve receptor system design that connects to the gas bladder.〔J.H.S. Blaxter, ''The Herring: a Successful Fish?'', Journal of Canadian Journal of Fish. Aquatic Sci.(suppl. 1) 42:21-30 (1985)〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pacific herring」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.